Study Part I

Thirty healthy babies between six and nine months of age and a parent of each were recruited for the study that took place in a quiet room with black walls, low lights, and no toys, one baby at a time. Once the baby was settled into the study space, the parent moved behind the baby so s/he was out of sight and no longer touching the baby.

Most residents of Montreal speak French so, to eliminate any bias toward language familiarity or unintended cues from the researcher and to maintain consistency of the sounds every baby heard, recordings were played for the baby in Turkish, a language unfamiliar to all study participants. The Turkish language recordings were played for each baby in three formats:

•  Baby talk
•  Adult talk
•  Singing a lullaby

Researchers recorded the time that elapsed between the beginning of each audio format to the moment the baby displayed a “cry face,” described as a lowering of the brows, lip corners pulling to the side, opening of the mouth, and raising of the cheeks.

Cry faces emerged about the same time for the speaking portions of the test:

• Just under four minutes when adult speech was played.
• Just over four minutes when baby talk was played.
• Approximately nine minutes when singing was played.

The research team expressed surprise at finding so little difference between the babies’ responses to both styles of speech and that the babies maintained composure more than twice as long when hearing a lullaby, even in an unfamiliar language.

Study Part II

In the same setting, each baby was played recordings of a woman speaking baby talk in French and another of her singing a French lullaby. Again, the babies maintained self-control longer when listening to the lullaby than even baby talk in a familiar language.

Mariève Corbeil, a member of the research team, says, “These findings speak to the intrinsic importance of music, and of nursery rhymes in particular, which appeal to our desire for simplicity and repetition.”

The study’s findings are expected to be especially valuable when emotional circumstances or adverse socio-economic situations challenge a parent’s ability to maintain self-control. Instead of ignoring or mistreating an irritable baby, singing a lullaby may produce a more satisfying outcome for infant and parent alike.


Sources:

1. Corbeil, Mariève, Sandra E. Trehub, and Isabelle Peretz. "Singing Delays the Onset of Infant Distress." Infancy (2015). Wiley Online Library. Web. 11 Nov. 2015.
2. "Singing calms baby longer than talking." EurekAlert! University of Montreal, 27 Oct. 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015.